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Scratch
Built Collective Pitch 3D Pro Hybrid
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Part
6 - Canopy
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As I couldnt find anything that fits this
unique heli that I liked I decided I would create my
own canopy in fibreglass.
This would allow me to paint and apply
decals much more easily than any lexan canopy.
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I had a JMD lexan canopy that I liked
the basic shape of but it was far too narrow for this
helicopter. I decided to use the lexan canopy as a mould
from which to create a new canopy.
The first stage was to clean the canopy
thoroughly then I applied a thin and even coat of vaseline.
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Using car body filler I then filled
the lexan canopy striking off excess filler level
with the top surface of the mould.
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Once hardened I was able to take the
cast out of the mould.
I repeated the process for the other
side of the canopy.
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To help with designing decals I put
one half of the cast on my flatbed scanner and scanned
it at 100%.
I then transfered this to AutoCAD and
traced the outline (shown in Yellow).
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I cut out the AutoCAD trace to check
for dimensional accuracy (shown on the left cast).
The finished canopy needs to be 12mm
wider than the JMD version, I used some pieces of
plastruct to get the right width then joined both
halves of the canopy together with more car body filler.
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The task of shaping using rough files
and production paper then gets underway. The top surface
was made rounder than the original and the front sharper.
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I used anything to hand to give me basic
shapes, I wanted an air scoop at the front so used
a portion of an AA battery box to give me the basic
shape.
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The canopy needs to be wider where the
maingear is situated. I found some plastic door handles
that where the correct curvature I wanted and used
a portion as the basis of the fairing shape required.
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The rear of the canopy was trimmed off
to the shape I wanted then its a matter of shaping,
filling, rubbing down until happy with the shape and
surface.
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Once I was happy with the shape I applied
several coats of acrylic primer rubbing down in between
coats and applying filler if required.
It is important that the 'plug' as this
is called is as perfect as possible, any defects will
show in the mould and transfer to the finished canopy.
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After priming I applied several coats
of gloss paint, black is best as it shows defects
clearly.
This stage is done purely to look for
defects and correct.
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Next task is to cut the plug in half
and mount it on to a baseboard to cast the mould against.
I used some MDF and stuck the plug down using car
body filler.
Once trimmed I again primed both halves
of the plug and baseboards.
It is important to note here that there
cannot be any undercuts in the model otherwise the
mould will not release.
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The entire plug and baseboard is now
finished with gloss.
After 24hrs I polished this to a high
gloss with car body wax.
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Having completed the plug/model it is
treated with two coats of PVA release agent, this
will release the mould from the plug once it has set.
Casting in glassfibre is completed in
two stages, the first stage is the application of
a gelcoat which forms the finished face of the mould/cast,
after this has set a polyester resin is applied intio
which is brushed chopped strand matting.
It is important to mix the resins in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions, to
wait the correct period of time before applying the
polyester resin to the gelcoat and also to ensure
that there are no air bubbles present anywhere in
the cast ensuring that the matting is fully wetted
with resin. It is also important to wait the correct
length of time before removing casts from moulds etc.
As Glassfibre products are irritants
it is important to wear the correct saftey clothing.
Prepare all materials well before mixing
any resin, you should have mixing containers (I use
plastic cups) resin and hardener at hand, strips of
chopped strand mat (for this size mould I use 75 x
25mm and 50 x 20mm strips of 163gm matting) sufficient
to cover the mould in two / three layers, acetone
solution for cleaning and 20mm paint brushes for application.
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Once the PVA release agent has dried
a thin layer of gelcoat is applied to a thickness
of 3mm covering the entire plug and a good portion
of the baseboard. Brush this in to ensure no air bubbles
are trapped within the gelcoat.
Leave this to set fully.
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Next stage is to brush in a layer of
polyester resin followed by layers of chop strand
mat.
Cover the entire surface of the mould,
reinforce strategic areas with more layers if necessary.
On larger moulds strips of timber can be added.
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After 24hrs the mould can be released.
This is done by first trimming down
to within 20mm of the edge of the plug with a Dremel
cutter.
The entire mould and plug is then immersed
in hot water and allowed to soak. This removes the
PVA release agent and allows water to seep into the
junction between mould and plug.
Use an old kitchen knife (nothing sharper
or you may damage the mould) to work around the edge
of the mould slowly applying pressure until it is
released.
Polish the mould well with car body
wax in preparation for casting
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Casting a canopy uses the same principle.
Apply only 1mm or less of gelcoat, apply
as little polyester resin as possible and reinforce
using glassfibre 'tissue' preferably in a single layer.
The idea is to have sufficient strength but maintain
light weight.
After 20 min use a sharp blade to trim
off the excess material around the top edge of the
mould, if done correctly the material should cut easily
(dont do this too early or too late!) and will save
work later with a dremel.
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After a couple of hours with a small
canopy the cast can be removed. I prefer to do this
at this stage whilst the resins are stil green as
it is easier to remove, however there is a risk of
distortion on a large cast so use caution.
Use the same principal as before using
hot water for removal.
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Next stage is to trim the canopy and
fit it to the heli. This can actually be quite tricky
and takes a fair amount of looking at!
This picture shows how the canopy is
held in place, use one half of the canopy to mark
where the carbon mount is to be positioned and drill
the corresponding hole.
Then tape both halves of the canopy
together, push the carbon mount through the half previously
drilled, square the canopy and mark the hole required,
check the fitting.
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Both halves can now be joined together.
Tape the halves together accurately
with masking tape then from inside apply resin and
a strip of matting.
When set the masking tape is removed
and the canopy rubbed down and prepped for painting.
This canopy has an air scoop at the
front (in theory to cool the lipo but perhaps not!)
which is cut out as can just be seen.
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Next is a couple of coats of primer
rubbed down in between with 600 wet and dry paper
looking fro any defects.
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Followed by a couple of coats of base
colour.
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I made some decals using wateslide inket
decals which are applied to the base coat.
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The Canopy can then be finished with
several coats of clear.
Having made the mould it is very easy
and very cheap to make further canopies, see some
more examples I have made below.
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